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Nosema is caused by a protozoan and affects adult bees. The protozoan affects the digestive hindgut of the adults and can cause severe diarrhea which can be seen as fecal staining on the front of the hive. Another effect is that the sick bees cannot produce royal jelly or effectively feed brood resulting in brood reduction. This disease typically occurs in the spring.

An antibiotic such as Fumagillin can be used to treat the symptoms but it will not eliminate the spores produced.

Keep hives well stocked with winter provisions of capped honey. Keeping the hive healthy and relatively free of other diseases, parasites and pests will also help. Good ventilation is a must.